Shakespeare Biography

26 April 1564 Date of baptism, Stratford on Avon
(i.e. date of birth: 23 April 1564)

Father: John Shakespeare, 1565 chosen alderman 1568 bailiff

Mother: Mary Arden, from an ancient landowner family

Stratford Grammar School, free education, no list of pupils available (it is almost certain William Shakespeare went there) education: Latin, History, Morals, Poetry

28 Nov 1582            issue of marriage licence for William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway (born 1556), Date of marriage unknown

26 May 1583           Birth of Susanna Shakespeare

2 February 1585       Birth of Judith and Hamnet Shakespeare (Hamnet died at age II)

No records for next 8 years. Stories circulated after Shakespeare's death:
stealing deer and getting into trouble
earning his living as a schoolmaster
going to London, working at theatre minding the horses
working in a noble  household
fighting as a soldier in the Low Countries

1592                       Robert Greene refers to Shakespeare in a pamphlet:
'"There is an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his tygers heart wrapt in a Players hide supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you; and, being an absolute Johannes Factotum, is in his own conceit the only Shake‑scene in a country"
Published after his death with an apology by the editor (i.e. Shakespeare was already famous and probably had important friends)

1593                       Publication of Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece
with a dedication to Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton

1594                       Shakespeare becomes a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men
(later, after accession of James I, called the King's Men), with the best actor (R. Burbage), the best theatre (the Globe), and the best writer (Shakespeare) a very successful company.
For about 20 years Shakespeare writes plays for his company

1596                       Granting of a Coat of Arms to John Shakespeare, probably applied for by William (i.e. he must have been prosperous and successful)

1597                       Purchase of New Place in Stratford

1598                       A letter exists, written by Richard Quiney, asking Shakespeare for a loan of £30.
(18 years later R. Quiney's son Thomas marries Judith Shakespeare)

1605                       Purchase of a share (one fifth) of the Stratford tithes

May 1612                Shakespeare mentioned in the records of a lawsuit as a witness, in favour of the Mountjoy family

25 March 1616         Shakespeare's will. Property left to the male heirs of Susanna, to his wife Anne his '"second‑best bed"
Shaky signatures (i.e. was he already ill?)

23 April 1616           Shakespeare dies
A gravestone in the chancel of Stratford Parish Church, no name, but a little  poem

Some stories circulated after his death:

                              Diary of the Vicar of Stratford (1661): 'Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson had a merry meeting, and it seems drank too much for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted."
John Aubrey (1626‑1697): "He was not a company keeper; lived in Shoreditch; wouldn't be debauched, and, if invited to, writ he was in pain."
Richard Davies, archdeacon of Lichfield: "He died a papist."

1623                       Monument in the chancel wall, with bust, and Latin epitaph, erected by Stratford citizens
Publication of the first Folio Edition, by two fellow actors, J. Heminge and M. Condell, with poem by B. Jonson:
Triumph by Britain, thou hast one to show
To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe.
Me was not of an age, but for all time! ..."
With a portrait said by contemporaries to bear a reasonable likeness

Chronology of the Plays

Despite much scholarly argument, it is often impossible to date a given play precisely. But there is a general consensus, especially for plays written 1585‑1601, 1605‑1607, and 1609 onward. The following list of first 5 performances is based on external and internal evidence, on general stylistic and thematic considerations, and on the observation that an output of no more than two plays a year seems to have been established in those periods when dating is rather clearer than others.

1589‑92            1 Henry VI, 2 Henry VI, 3 Henry VI

1592‑93            Richard III, The Comedy of Errors

1593‑94            Titus Andronicus, The Taming of the Shrew

1594‑95            The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love's Labour's Lost, Romeo and Juliet

1595‑96            Richard II, A Midsummer Night's Dream

1596‑97            King John, The Merchant of Venice

1597‑98            1 Henry IV, 2 Henry IV

1598‑99            Much Ado About Nothing, Henry V

1599  1600        Julius Caesar, As You Like It

1600‑01            Hamlet, The Merry Wives Of Windsor

1601‑02            Twelfth Night, Troilus and Cressida

1602‑03            All's Well That Ends Well

1604‑05            Measure For Measure, Othello

1605‑06            King Lear, Macbeth

1606‑07            Antony and Cleopatra

1607‑08            Coriolanus, Timon of Athens

1608‑09            Pericles

1609‑10            Cymbeline

1610‑11            Winter's Tale

1611‑12            The Tempest

1612‑13            Henry VIII, The Two Noble Kinsmen

from "William Shakespeare", Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th edition 1978, 16, p.618